Citation+Guide+for+SWL


 * Citing Sources at Sir Wilfrid Laurier **

Please consult MLA citation Guide for an extensive guide (8th Edition MLA) []

Note that the newest MLA edition requires full URLs to be inserted. This change may not be required by your teacher. If in doubt, follow this guide.


 * **Internet: **

 Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Document"

 Title of Complete Work (if applicable) Version or File Number (if applicable)

 Document date or date of last revision, Full URL, (date of access.)


 * On-line Periodical Article: **

 Author's name. "Title of Work." Name of the Periodical

 Volume number, issue number, or other identifying number, Date of Publication.

 The number range or total number of pages, paragraphs, or other identifying numbers, Date of access (in brackets)


 * One Author Book: **

Atwood, Margaret. //Handmaid’s Tale//. Toronto: McClelland, 1985. ||


 * An Anthology: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Dzyubenko, Galina, ed. //Land of the Soviets in Verse and Prose//. 2 vols. Moscow: Progress, 1982


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">A Work in an Anthology: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Gorky, Maxim. //Yegor Bulychov and Others//. Trans. Margaret Wettlin. Classic Soviet Plays.Comp. Alla Mikhailova. Moscow: Progress, 1979. 27-95.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">An Edition (prepared for publication by someone other than the author) **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Pope, Alexander. The Poems of Alexander Pope. Ed. John Butt. New Haven: Yale UP, 1963.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Article in a Magazine: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Girozan, Nancy, Dori Jones Yang, and Alice Cuneo. “The Learning Revolution: Technology Is Reshaping Education - -at Home and at School." Business Week 28 Feb. 2016: 80-88.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Encyclopedia Article, Signed: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Ricard, Franois. "Roy Gabrielle." The Canadian Encyclopedia. 1993 ed.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Encyclopedia Article, Unsigned: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> "Atwood, Margaret." World Book Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Newspaper Article, Signed: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Girozan, Nancy. "Dorothy Liversay: A Rare Breed of Women." Toronto Star. 28 June 2008: A12
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Newspaper Article, Unsigned: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> "Against the Odds." The Globe and Mail 20 June 1993: C5.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Interview: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Nader, Ralph. Interview with Ray Suarez. Talk of the Nation. Natl. Public Radio. WBUR, Boston. 16 Apr. 2010.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Video: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> A Writer in this Nuclear Age: A Conversation with Margaret Laurence. National Film Board of Canada,1992.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">CD- ROM: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Angier, Natalie. "Feminist Writers of the Modern Age." Dissertation Abstracts Ondisc. CD-ROM. Oct.1993.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Radio / Television: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> "The Illiad." Narr. Pritchard, Ruggles. Ideas. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Toronto. 12 Je. 2007.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Pamphlet: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Renoir Lithograph. New York: Dover, 2010.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Internet Website **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Cockurn, Carol . **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">"A Hypertext History of Guidance Dimensions.” MUD History. 2010.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> [] (2 Aug. 2001)

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Fazakas, Balazs. "Sound Bite News: Television Coverage of Elections, 2014 2016"
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">An Article in a Scholarly Journal that Pages Each Issue Separately: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Journal of Communication 42.2 (2016): 5-24.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">An Abstract in an Abstracts Journal: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Rama, Jason. "Gender Differences in Schools."

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Sex Roles 37 (2006): 19-44. Psychological Abstracts 24 (1998): item 4265.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">An Article in a Scholarly Journal that Pages Each Issue Separately: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Penney, Al. "Sound Bite News: Television Coverage of Elections, 1968-1998. "Journal of Communication 42.2 (1992): 5-24.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">An Abstract in an Abstracts Journal: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> Rama, Jason. "Gender Differences in Schools." Sex Roles 37 (2006): 19-44. Psychological Abstracts 24 (1998): item 4265. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Updates from the new edition <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Abbreviations: Many sources do not have a date, publisher or pagination. MLA advises, where applicable, to write n. pag. for those sources without page numbers, n.d. for no date, and N.p. if name of the publisher is omitted. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">All entries in a reference list, whether they are print or electronic, must now include the medium in which they have been published (Print, Web, DVD, Television, etc.). <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Parenthetical references <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Parenthetical documentation allows you to acknowledge a source within your text by providing a reference to exactly where in that source you found the information. The reader can then follow up on the complete reference listed on the Works Cited page at the end of your paper. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">In most cases, providing the author's last name and a page number are sufficient: <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">In response to rapid metropolitan expansion, urban renewal projects sought "an order in which more significant kinds of conflict, more complex and intellectually stimulating kinds of disharmony, may take place" (Mumford 485). <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">If there are two or three authors, include the last name of each: <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">(Winks and Kaiser 176)
 * <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">MLA no longer requires underlining. Titles, such as book and periodical titles, are now //italicized// rather than underlined.
 * <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">URLs are no longer required in citations. Due to the changeable nature of the URLs, MLA recommends that writers only include a web address if the audience is unlikely to find the source otherwise.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (Choko, Bourassa, and Baril 258-263) <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">If there are more than three authors, include the last name of the first author followed by "et al." without any intervening punctuation: <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">If there are no page numbers in your source, as is the case with some web pages, you can indicate the section or paragraph number in your parenthetical reference. If there are no such reference marks, do not include them in your reference. Do not count unnumbered paragraphs: <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Further examples and explanations are available in Chapter 6 of the //MLA Handbook//. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Works cited - General guidelines <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">The alphabetical list of works cited that appears at the end of your paper contains more information about all of the sources you've cited allowing readers to refer to them, as needed. The main characteristics are: <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">The list of Works Cited must be on a new page at the end of your text <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Entries are arranged alphabetically by the author's last name or by the title if there is no author <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Titles are //italicized// (not __underlined__) and all important words should be capitalized <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Entries are double-spaced (for the purposes of this page, single-spacing is used)

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Each entry must include the publication medium. Examples include: Print, Web, DVD, and Television Introduction
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This guide provides a basic introduction to the MLA citation style. It is based on the 7th edition of the [|//MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers//] published by the Modern Language Association in 2009. This is a **new edition** of the book, and there are several significant [|changes to MLA style.] <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The //MLA Handbook// is generally used for academic writing in the humanities. The handbook itself covers many aspects of research writing including selecting a topic, evaluating sources, taking notes, plagiarism, the mechanics of writing, the format of the research paper as well as the way to cite sources. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This guide provides basic explanations and examples for the most common types of citations used by students. For additional information and examples, refer to the //MLA Handbook//.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Updates from the new edition
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">MLA no longer requires underlining. Titles, such as book and periodical titles, are now //italicized// rather than underlined. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">URLs are no longer required in citations. Due to the changeable nature of the URLs, MLA recommends that writers only include a web address if the audience is unlikely to find the source otherwise. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Abbreviations: Many sources do not have a date, publisher or pagination. MLA advises, where applicable, to write n. pag. for those sources without page numbers, n.d. for no date, and N.p. if name of the publisher is omitted. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">All entries in a reference list, whether they are print or electronic, must now include the medium in which they have been published (Print, Web, DVD, Television, etc.).

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Parenthetical references
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Parenthetical documentation allows you to acknowledge a source within your text by providing a reference to exactly where in that source you found the information. The reader can then follow up on the complete reference listed on the Works Cited page at the end of your paper. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">In most cases, providing the author's last name and a page number are sufficient:

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - General guidelines
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The alphabetical list of works cited that appears at the end of your paper contains more information about all of the sources you've **cited** allowing readers to refer to them, as needed. The main characteristics are: <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">The list of Works Cited must be on a new page at the end of your text <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Entries are arranged alphabetically by the author's last name or by the title if there is no author <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Titles are //italicized// (not __underlined__) and all important words should be capitalized <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Entries are double-spaced (for the purposes of this page, single-spacing is used) <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Each entry must include the publication medium. Examples include: Print, Web, DVD, and Television. //<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Business //<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">. New York: Viking, 1985. Print. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">---. //The Disappearance of Childhood//. New York: Vintage, 1994. Print.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Book by a corporate author
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Associations, corporations, agencies and organizations are considered authors when there is no single author. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. //Action against Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond//. Paris: OECD, 1999. Print.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Article in a reference book or an entry in an encyclopedia
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">If the article/entry is signed, include the author's name; if unsigned, begin with the title of the entry <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Guignon, Charles B. "Existentialism." //Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy//. Ed. Edward Craig. 10 vols. London: Routledge, 1998. Print.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Article reprinted in a reference book online
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Carlson, Eric W. “The Range of Symbolism in Poetry.” //The South Atlantic Quarterly// 48.3 (1949): 442-52. Rpt. in //Poetry Criticism//. Ed. Jane Kelly Kosek and Christine Slovey. Vol. 13. Detroit: Gale, 1995. 83-84. //Literature Criticism Online//. Web. 18 Oct. 2009.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - A translation
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kafka, Franz. //Metamorphosis//. Trans. and Ed. Stanley Corngold. New York: Bantam, 1972. Print.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - A government publication
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. //Freedom from Fear: Canada's Foreign Policy for Human Security//. Ottawa: DFAIT, 2002. Print. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. //Charting the Progress of Populations//. New York: UN, 2000. Print.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Article in a journal
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ferrer, Ada. "Cuba 1898: Rethinking Race, Nation, and Empire." //Radical History Review// 73 (1999): 22-49. Print. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Man, Glenn K. S. "The Third Man: Pulp Fiction and Art Film." //Literature Film Quarterly// 21.3 (1993): 171-178. Print. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sehmby, Dalbir S. "Wrestling and Popular Culture." //CCLWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture// 4.1 (2002): n. pag. Web. 29 Mar. 2009. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Provide the same information as you would for a printed journal article and add the name of the database in //italics//, and indicate the publication medium as **Web** and the date of access. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">NOTE - If there are no page numbers, or if the page numbers for each article in a journal appear in a new sequence for each item rather than continuously across the entire issue, write **n. pag**. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Brennan, Katherine Stern. "Culture in the Cities: Provincial Academies during the Early Years of Louis XIV's Reign." //Canadian Journal of History// 38.1 (2003): 19-42. //CBCA Complete//. Web. 29 Mar. 2004. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dussault, Marc and Bruce G. Barnett. "Peer-assisted Leadership: Reducing Educational Managers' Professional Isolation." //Journal of Educational Administration// 34.3 (1996): 5-14. //ABI/////INFORM Global//. Web. 29 Mar. 2004. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Heming, Li, Paul Waley, and Phil Rees. "Reservoir Resettlement in China: Past Experience and the Three Gorges Dam." //The Geographical Journal// 167.3 (2001): 195-212. //Academic Search Premier//. Web. 29 Mar. 2004.
 * <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article retrieved in print/paper format: **
 * <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article retrieved on the Web: **
 * <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article retrieved in a library database: **

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Article in a newspaper or magazine
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Semenak, Susan. "Feeling Right at Home: Government Residence Eschews Traditional Rules." //Montreal Gazette// 28 Dec. 1995, Final Ed.: A4. Print. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Driedger, Sharon Doyle. "After Divorce." //Maclean's// 20 Apr. 1998: 38-43. Print. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">For newspaper and magazine articles retrieved online, please see [|examples for journal articles retrieved from a library database].

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - An entire Web site
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Linder, Douglas O. //Famous Trials//. Univ. of Missouri Kansas-City Law School, 2009. Web. 29 Apr. 2009.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - A page on a Web site
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">An entry for a nonperiodical item found on the Web contains the following: <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Last name, First name. "Document title if available." //Title of the overall Web site//. Version or edition if available. Publisher or N.p. to designate no publisher, publication date or n.d. to mean no date. Web. Date of access. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">If you cannot find some of this information, include only what is available. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">"Joyce Wieland." //Celebrating Women's Achievements: Women Artists in Canada//. National Library of Canada, 2000. Web. 29 Mar. 2004. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cassidy, Penny. "You Can't Read That." //NBC New York//. NBC Universal, 18 Apr. 2009. Web. 29 Apr. 2009.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - A review
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kirn, Walter. "The Wages of Righteousness." Rev. of //Cloudsplitter//, by Russell Banks. //New York Times Book Review// 22 Feb. 1998: 9. Print. <span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kauffmann, Stanley. "A New Spielberg." Rev of //Schindler's List//, dir. Steven Spielberg. //New Republic// 13 Dec. 1993: 30. Print.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Television or radio program
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">"Scandal of the Century." Narr. Linden MacIntyre. //The Fifth Estate//. CBC Television. 23 Jan. 2002. Television.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Sound recording
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ellington, Duke. "Black and Tan Fantasy." //Music is My Mistress//. Musicmasters, 1989. CD.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Film, videorecording or DVD
//<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Shining //<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">. Dir. Stanley Kubrick. Perf. Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall. Warner Bros., 1980. Videocassette. //<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Macbeth //<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">. Dir. Roman Polanski. Perf. Jon Finch, Francesca Annis, and Nicholas Selby. 1971. Columbia, 2002. DVD.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Musical composition, published score
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Beethoven, Ludwig van. //Symphony no. 4 in B-flat major, op. 60//. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2001. Print.

<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Works cited - Work of art, photographed, in a book
<span style="color: #3a3737; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cassatt, Mary. //Mother and Child//. 1890. Wichita Art Museum, Wichita. //American Painting: 1560-1913//. By John Pearce. New York: McGraw, 1964. Slide 22