Course+Native+Studies

Native Studies The Algonquins **I.** __ SWL Library Resources __ **A. General Encyclopedia – can be a good starting point, but not acceptable for** **scholarly research.**  **B.** **970 – 971**  **C.** **309, 323, 342**  **D.** **See Bibliography list – in the library** **II.** __ On-line Research __ **WikiSpaces ( Sir Wil Library)** **http://swllibrary.wikispaces.com/** **B. Ottawa Public Library Online -**[|**http://www.biblioottawalibrary.ca/index_e.html**] This is a valuable source for free online databases. Use your library card and access hundreds of magazine and journal articles. Go to the Ottawa Public Library website (you will need your OPL library card barcode as your password and the last four digits of your phone number as the pin number), click on “ **Online articles”** **Browse databases by format (menu on left). You may choose from generic databases (listed here) or more specific ones.** **E-library** across Canada. The titles include newspapers from First Nations groups, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, Nova Scotia, British Colombia, and Saskatchewan. The solution also offers access to French news and business sources : Le Devoir, Le Droit, La Presse Affaires Magazine… **E. Google - Make sure all sites you use are credible. See “How to Evaluate your Source” guide** ** F. __Knowledge__ __ Ontario ____ No password needed __** [|**http://eresources.knowledgeontario.ca/**] **Click on the left under Subject index and use Arts and Literature** **You will have access to number of databases** **Thousands of overview essays, critical analyses, biographies, timelines and multimedia elements comprise the Discovering Collection comprehensive online reference resource.** __ All guides for documentation  __ **You can navigate everywhere from this site. It also provides you with all the guides you will need for writing essays, parenthetical notations, works cited pages, etc.** **http://swllibrary.wikispaces.com/** Bias Vs Perspective A perspective is impartial to the extent that the person is   A perspective is biased to the extent that the person is  [] // The following are not direct links but can be accessed by the website above  // **// THE NATIVE EXPERIENCE IN //****// CANADA //** ** An overview of Aboriginal History in Canada ** At the National Archives of Canada [|**Learn more**] ** "Our History" ** An extensive essay on the history of the native peoples of Canada [|**Learn more**]
 * **Academic OneFile**
 * **Expanded Academic ASAP**
 * **E-library**
 * // Open-minded // : the person willingly accepts new ideas and alters her opinions based on new evidence;
 * // Full-minded // : the person considers the available evidence from the various individuals or groups involved in the event;
 * // Fair-minded // : the person sincerely tries to put personal interests or preferences aside when weighing the competing evidence.
 * // Closed-minded // : the person is unwilling to consider evidence that might go counter to a predetermined view;
 * // One-sided // : the person reaches conclusions by focusing largely on information that favours his preferred position;
 * ** //Prejudiced//: personal attachments prejudge the result in favour of one group or view over the others. **

(From: Currents, Urban Alliance on Race Relations) [|**Learn more**]
 * Native People and Employment: A National Tragedy **

(From: Currents, Urban Alliance on Race Relations) "Native peoples in Canada suffer from low incomes, high unemployment, high poverty rates and other adverse socioeconomic circumstances. The development of employment and economic opportunities within the Native communities to address these problems is not, however, simply a technical matter. Values, culture, political institutions, history and other 'soft' factors play a much greater role than the technical factors that traditionally most concern economists and policy makers. While the Native economies remain extremely fragile and vulnerable, care must be taken to ensure that the costs of supporting economic growth does not mean sacrificed values, traditions and social organizations." [|**Read more**] ** The Segregation of Native People in  ** ** Canada **** : Voluntary or Compulsory? ** (From: Currents Summer, Urban Alliance on Race Relations) "The history of the Indian people for the last century has been the history of the impingement of white civilization upon the Indian: the Indian was virtually powerless to resist the white civilization; the white community of B.C. adopted a policy of apartheid. This, of course, has already been done in eastern Canada and on the Prairies, but the apartheid policy adopted in B.C. was of a particularly cruel and degrading kind. They began by taking the Indians' land without any surrender and without their consent. Then they herded the Indian people on to Indian reserves. This was nothing more nor less than apartheid, and that is what it still is today(1). " Thomas Berger [|**Read more**]
 * Native People and Racism **

"You Europeans are the most unreasonable people in the world; you laugh at our belief dreams, yet expect us to believe things a thousand times more incredible". A Wendat Indian 17 69 ** [|Learn more] ** **
 * Indian History Index - 1700 to 1999 **

A Turbulent Industry: Fishing In British Columbia ** "If one image could illustrate the history of fishing in British Columbia, it would be a salmon, curved into a dollar sign, fighting its way upriver. Every time the fish leaps in the air, grasping hands - from a few individuals, but mostly corporations and bureaucracies - almost prevent the salmon from reaching its destination. Salmon meant wealth, and not only to industrial movers and shakers in British Columbia in 1871, when Alexander Ewen began the first continuous cannery. For thousands of years before Europeans arrived and the Hudson 's Bay Company set up what would be future department stores, salmon had already meant wealth to First Nations people of British Columbia . If the salmon run failed, an aboriginal community could starve." [|**Learn more**] ** __Algonquin Culture and History__ ** [|**http://www.native-languages.org/algonquin_culture.htm**] ** The following are not direct links but can be accessed with the above link. **

Algonquin Tribal and Community Links
[|Algonquin Nation Tribal Council] : **Representing the Algonquin bands of Barriere Lake, Timiskaming, and Wolf Lake. ** [|Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council]: **Representing the Pikogan, Kipawa, Kitcisakik (Grand Lac Victoria), Kitigan Zibi, Lac Simon, and Winneway bands. ** [|Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn] [|Golden Lake Algonquins]:  ** Golden Lake/Pikwakanagan Algonquin First Nation, Ontario ** **. ** [|Barriere Lake Algonquins]: ** Barriere Lake/Mitchikanabikong Algonquin First Nation, Quebec ** **. ** [|Eagle Village First Nation]: ** [|Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg]: ** [|Ardoch Algonquin Anishnabek]: ** [|Union of Ontario Indians]: ** [|Abitibiwinni] [|Barriere Lake]  [|Kipawa]  [|Kitcisakik]  [|Kitigan Zibi]  [|Lac Simon]  [|Long Point]  [|Timiskaming]  [|Wolf Lake]:
 * Eagle Village/Kipawa Algonquin First Nation, Quebec** **.
 * Kitigan Zibi Algonquin First Nation, Quebec** **.
 * Ardoch Algonquin First Nation, Ontario** **.
 * Advocacy group serving the Golden Lake Algonquins and other First Nations of Ontario** **.
 * Government profiles of the nine Algonquin First Nations of Quebec.**

Maps of Algonquin Lands
[|Location of the Algonquin Groups] : **Map of the 17th-century territory of the Algonkin tribe. ** [|Native Americans of New England]: ** [|Greater Algonquin Nation]: **Map showing the ten Algonquin First Nations today. ** [|First Nations Map]: [|Location of Amerindian Communities]:  ** Maps of the eleven First Nations of Quebec ** **. ** [|Virtual Museum of New France: Northern Algonquians]:
 * Map of American Indian territories in the early Canada/New England** **area.
 * Historical maps and articles about the Algonquin,** [|**Micmac**]**, **[|**Innu**]** , and other northeastern tribes. **

Algonquin Lifestyle and Tradition
[|Quebec History: Algonkin] : **Anthropology text on the Algonquin people. ** [|Algonquins] [|Algonquin Profile]: **Traditional Algonquin culture and way of life in the Algonquin First Nation today. ** [|First Peoples: Algonquins]: ** [|The Algonquin] [|The Algonquin Indians]  [|Algonquin Indian Tribe]  [|The Algonquin Indians]: **General information about Algonquin culture and traditions. ** [|Algonquin]: ** [|Algonquians of the Eastern Woodlands]: **Ethnography of the Algonkin and other Eastern Canadian tribes. ** [|The Algonquins]: ** [|Algonquian Bark Canoes]: **Algonquin and other Indian canoes, with pictures showing the differences between canoe styles. ** [|Great Lakes Clothing Sketches] [|Northeast Indian Costume]  [|Native American Clothing]  [|Headdress]  [|Indian Hairstyles]: [|**Chippewa**] **/Alqonquin clothes, regalia and hairstyles. ** [|Algonquin Ring and Pin Game] [|Algonquin Top]  [|Top]  [|Algonquin Doll]: [|Doll's Cradleboard] [|Cradleboard]  [|Algonquin Doll]  [|Algonquin Doll]  [|Algonquin Moose Call]: **Algonquin Indian toys, dolls, and musical instruments. ** [|Algonquin and Iroquoian Artifacts]: ** [|Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage: Algonquin]: ** [|Paganens Recipe] [|Algonquin Nutty Bread]  [|Ojawashkwawegad]  [|Snowberry Mint Tea]: [|Wild Nut Bannock] [|Pagan-Wiiagiminan]  [|Algonquin Cranberry Sauce]  [|Buffalo Meatloaf]: **Traditional Algonquin recipes. ** [|Kitigan Zibi Traditional Powwow]: **Annual pow-wow at Kitigan Zibi Algonquin Nation. ** [|Gino Odjick] [|Vancouver Canucks: Odjick]: **Algonquin Indian hockey star and anti-alcohol crusader Gino Odjick. ** [|Kitigan Zibi] [|Kipawa]  [|Winneway (Long Point)]  [|Lac Simon]  [|Pikogan (Abitibiwinni)]: **Fact sheets about education in the Algonquin First Nations. ** [|The Anishinabe Experience] [|Anishinabe Experience]:
 * Cultural and demographic information about the nine Algonquin nations of Quebec** **.
 * History of the Algonquin tribe in Canada** **.
 * Articles from Indian Affairs Canada** **about contemporary life among the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg.
 * Algonquin and** [|**Wyandot**] **pottery from the Ottawa Valley.
 * Online exhibit of Algonquin artifacts from the Canadian Museum** **of Civilization.
 * Tourist package offered by the Algonquins of Golden Lake****.**

Apache Religion and Myth
[|Algonquin Stories] : **Collection of Algonquin Indian legends and folktales. ** [|Algonquin Legends and Customs]: **Algonquin mythology and traditions. ** [|Native American Religion]:
 * Advice for people researching traditional Algonquin religion and other American Indian spirituality.**

Algonquin Art and Literature
[|Anishnabe O'datsokewin] : **Algonquin storytelling, birchbark etching, and pipes. ** [|Big Beaver Indian Crafts]: **Algonquin arts and crafts for sale including jewelry, moccasins, and tomahawks. ** [|Pinock's Birch Bark Canoes]: **Algonquin canoes, cradle boards, drums, and other traditional crafts for sale. ** [|Iroquois Hair Comb Education and Art Project]: [|**Mohawk**] **-Algonquin artist and educator Simon Brascoupé. ** [|Dean Ottawa] [|John Tenasco]  [|Claude Latour]  [|Stephen McGregor]  [|Patrick Tenascon]: **Profiles and art galleries of urban Algonquin artists. ** [|Algonkin Authors]: **Algonquin writers, their lives and work. ** [|Native American Art]:
 * Information, photographs and links about Algonquin and other native art.**

Algonquin Politics, Issues, and News
[|Algonquin Nation] : **Algonquin presentation on Quebec Sovereignty. ** [|Logging Issues] [|The Trilateral Agreement]  [|Ten Years of Struggle]:  ** The Trilateral Agreement between Canada, Quebec ** **, and the Algonquin tribe regarding forest management. ** [|Algonquin Land Claim]: ** Algonquin land claims in Ontario ** **. ** [|Heartland of the Algonquin People]: ** [|Quebec Algonquin Block Clear-Cutting]: **Conflicts over Canadian logging on Algonquin lands. ** [|Federal Rules of Engagement] [|Aboriginal Healing Foundation]  [|Indian Residential Schools]: [|Institutional Child Abuse in Canada] [|Aboriginal Peoples and Residential School]  [|Out of the Depths]: **History of the Indian boarding schools of Canada, and abuses Algonquin and other Native American children suffered there. ** [|Algonquin News]: ** [|Border Issues]:
 * Protecting the Upper Ottawa** **watershed.
 * News articles from the Algonquins of Barriere Lake** **.
 * The effect of the Quebec-Ontario border on the Algonquin Indian tribe.**

Algonquin History
[|Algonkin History] : **Tribal history of the Algonkins. ** [|Kipawa History] [|Wolf Lake Algonquins]  [|Barriere Lake Algonquins]: **History of individual Algonquin First Nations. ** [|Kabeshinan]: **Important Native American Algonquin archaelogical site. ** [|Pieskaret]:
 * Biographies of Algonquin leaders.**

Algonquin Genealogy
[|Ancestor Search] : **Online lookup of Algonquin and other Indian records through the Archives genealogy service. ** [|Genealogy Documents On-Line]: ** [|Algonquin Genealogy Forum]: **Messageboard for Algonquin Indian descendants. ** [|John Leclair's Really Big Family]: ** [|Native American Ancestry]:
 * Census rolls and genealogical resources for** [|**Wabanaki**] **and Algonquin Native Americans.
 * Heritage of a** [|**Metis**]** man, his **[|**Cree**] **, French, and Algonquin ancestors.
 * Direction for those seeking Algonquin and other American Indian ancestors.**

Links, References, and Additional Algonquin Resources
[|Native Americans: Algonquin] [|First Nations: Algonquins]: [|Algonquin People] [|Native Groups: Algonkins]: [|Algonquins] [|Les Algonquins au Témiscamingue]  [|Algonquins]  [|Algonquins]:  ** Information about the Algonquin tribe in French. ** [|About the Algonquin Indians] __ "Algonquins were once one of the most influential aboriginal tribes in all of North American history. Their people played decisive roles in the fur trade, in several wars and in the creation of the modern-day nations of Canada and the United States." A general overview. - From ehow.com [] [|Algonkin History] __ Good look at history, tribal culture and more. - From tolatsga.org - []
 * Algonquin links pages.**
 * Encyclopedia entries about the Algonkin Indians.**

[|Algonquin] __ An extensive look at the Algonquin including history, culture, past and current events, communities and references. - From nationmaster.com - [] [|Algonquin Indians sell Island of Manhattan to Dutch colonist Peter Minuit for Sixty Guilders] __ Actually worth about a thousand dollars and not just the $24 so popular in the stories. - From timelines.com – [] [|Algonquian (Algonkin) Tribe] __ A good resource for kids with many links to related material - From kidport.com - []

[|Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council] __ Learn about the council, its activities and goals. You will also find information about the communities making up the council. - illustrated - From anishinabenation.ca []

[|The Algonquin Indians] ___A very good overview of Algonquin history and traditional customs. "The Algonquin Indians are the most populous and widespread North American Native groups, with tribes originally numbering in the hundreds and speaking several related dialects." - Illustrated - From Norm Léveillée - [] [|Algonquian Indian Tribes] ___Get general information about the Algonquian tribes from this page. Facts are provided in question and answer format. There is also a good definition of what and who the Algonquins are. This site was designed to be useful for kids. Tons of links to relevant information. Some Algonquian photos. - Illustrated - From Native Languages of the Americas - []

[|Algonquin Language and the Algonquin Indian Tribe] __ Algonkin language information and introduction to the culture of the Algonquins (or Algonkins) of Ontario and Quebec. - From native-languages.org - [] // ** Information has been summarized from this website: ** // ** // http://www.library.cornell.edu/okuref/research/skill20.html // **   //  Sir Wilfrid Laurier    //  //  Evaluating your sources  // // ** "Not all sources are equally reliable or of equal quality. In reading and evaluating potential sources, you should not assume that something is truthful or trustworthy just because it appears in print or on the Internet. Some material may be based on incorrect or undated information or on poor logic, and author's knowledge of the subject may be too limited or biased." (MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers) ** //   //  Evaluating Web Pages  // // ** "Assessing Internet resources is a particular challenge. Whereas the print publications that researchers depend on are generally issued by reputable publishers, like university presses, that accept accountability for the quality and reliability of the works they distribute....many online materials are self published without any outside review." (MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers) ** //  · ** Does the page list the author's credentials and is its domain preferred (.edu .gov, .org, .net)? **  · ** Can you contact the author or organization (e-mail address or phone number)? ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ·  **Is the information consistent and free of systematic errors?** If you see spelling and grammatical errors, you will know that the site is unreliable. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** look for the author's credentials (professional title, educational background, a list of other accomplishments or publications) ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** determine if the author is associated with an institution or organization and explore what the basic values goals of this institution or organization are ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** Does the information appear to be valid and well-researched (supported by evidence)? ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** How comprehensive is this site and is the quantitative data (statistic, surveys, measurements, etc.) accurate? This type of data should be referenced. ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · __ ** determine the potential for bias by looking at who is writing, posting, and sponsoring the work and time period ** __ <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · **Consider why the material is posted and consider the motives of the author and/or the publisher and determine who is the target audience.** - the Internet has become a prime marketing and advertising tool. **This site should have limited advertising. Determine if this page is a mask for advertising.** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** Does the work have a copyright date? ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · **  How detailed is the information and what opinions (if any) are expressed by the author? ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** How current is the site and is it regularly updated? ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** Is the information presented cited correctly? ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** Can you view the information without fees, sophisticated browser technology or software? **  [] Outside the field of non-fiction writing, the search for identity goes on, although, as is to be expected, many works of fiction and poetry are as much expressions of protest as of they are of self-identification. One of the most popular of all Indian writers, the late nineteenth-century Mohawk poet, Pauline Johnson (1861-1913), expressed the fundamental nature of the protest most clearly, denouncing the gross unfairness of the white people who first rob Indians of their identity, then label them thieves when they attempt to survive anyway. In "The Cattle-Thief," for example, the Indian woman's accusation over the body of her dead father remains just as appropriate today: "Stand back, stand back, you white-skins, touch that dead man to your shame; You have stolen my father's spirit, but his body I only claim. You have killed him, but you shall not dare touch him now he's dead. You have cursed, and called him a Cattle Thief, though you robbed him first of bread-- Robbed him and robbed my people-look there, at that shrunken face, Starved with a hollow hunger, we owe to you and your race. What have you left to us of land, what have you left of game, What have you brought but evil, and curses since you came? How have you paid us for our game? How paid us for our land? By a //book,// to save our souls from the sins you brought in your own hand. Go back with your new religion, we never have understood Your robbing an Indian's //body,// and mocking his soul with food. Go back with your new religion, and find-if find you can-- The honest man you have ever made from out of a starving man."6